Wastewater or also known as liquid waste is acquired from household water usage. Flushing the toilet, bathing, washing the sink and cleaning the drain that goes into pipes which later joins a large sewer pipe under the roads. The larger pipes also join a network of major pipes maintained by various piping contractors in Singapore, that leads to the treatment centre.
Wastewater treatment typically includes steps in the process to reclaim the substance that is water and it is either employed or single in combination to achieve the goal of water quality.
Even with the use of environmental engineering products, it is an almost endless number of treatment processes to meet the water quality but here are the four basic steps to wastewater treatment.
STAGE ONE: SCREENING
Screening is the first and primary stage of the wastewater treatment process. Screening eradicates large and solid objects like diapers, nappies, sanitary items, cotton buds, face wipes and even plastic bottles, bottle caps, plastics and rags that may cause clogging or the damage treatment equipment.
STAGE TWO: PRIMARY TREATMENT
This stage involves the separation of organic solid waste (or biological human waste) from the water. This is achieved by putting the wastewater into large and separate settlement tanks for such wastes to sink to the bottom of the tank. The residue of solids is called ‘sludge’. And at the bottom of these cylinder tanks, large scrappers continuously scrape the floor of the tank pushing the sludge towards the centre where it is pumped away for further treatment. The rest of the wastewater is then processed to the secondary treatment.
STAGE THREE: SECONDARY TREATMENT
At this stage, the water is put into large rectangular tanks. These are called aeration lanes. Air is induced into the water to encourage bacteria to devour the tiny bits of sludge that managed to escape the sludge scraping process.
STAGE FOUR: FINAL TREATMENT
The treated wastewater is then passed through a settlement tank. Where more sludge is formed at the bottom of the tank from the breakdown of the bacterial action. Once more, the sludge is scraped and gathered for treatment. At this stage, the water is almost free from harmful substances, wastes, and chemicals. The water is now allowed to flow over a wall where it is filtered through a sedimentary bed of sand to filter any additional particles.
After all these processes that require some top notch equipment such as the evaporator high COD, the filtered water is then released into the river, fulfilling the process of water treatment.
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